International Journal of Linguistics Language and Literature (IJLLL)
The International Journal of Linguistics Language and Literature (IJLLL) is a renowned platform dedicated to fostering meaningful discussions on the study of language and literature. Committed to fostering academic excellence and fostering interdisciplinary research, the journal offers a platform for scholars, researchers, and educators to delve into the most recent theories, methodologies, and discoveries in the field. Title International Journal of Linguistics Language and Literature (IJLLL) Frequency Quarterly ISSN 3049-3242 Publisher Eduschool Academic Research and Publishers Chief Editor Dr. Mahesh Kumar Dey Copyright Eduschool Academic Research and Publishers Starting Year 2025 Subject Literature Language English Publication Format Online & Print Phone No 0484-2929383 Email Id ijlll@eduresearchpublication.com, info@eduresearchpublication.com Website www.eduresearchpublication.com Address Eduschool Academic Research and Publishers Airport Road, Nayathode Kavala, Angamaly-72, Kerala, India. Submission Link www.eduresearchjournal.com/index.php/ijlll/sub we are proud to offer a comprehensive range of articles that delve into various aspects of language and literature. Our journal covers topics such as phonetics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, stylistics, literary theory, cultural studies, and translation studies. We aim to have a profound influence on the worldwide advancement and comprehension of language and literature through the provision of a platform for outstanding research and scholarship. The International Journal of Linguistics Language and Literature is a monthly publication that offers a diverse range of original research articles, reviews, and critical essays. It includes contributions from experienced academics as well as up-and-coming scholars. Our rigorous double-blind peer-review process ensures that only the most thorough and innovative work is published, thereby upholding the highest academic integrity and excellence standards. As a reputable publication in the field of language and literature, this journal is dedicated to promoting dialogue and collaboration among scholars from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. We invite researchers and academics to join us in our mission to expand the horizons of knowledge in linguistics and literary studies, and to contribute to the wide array of perspectives that comprise the global academic community.
Eduschool Academic Research and Publishers
The forthcoming issue of the International Journal of Linguistics, Language and Literature (IJLLL) brings together a diverse collection of scholarly contributions that reflect the dynamic intersections of language, literature, society, and emerging technologies. The articles featured in this issue collectively demonstrate how linguistic practices and literary expressions respond to shifting cultural, environmental, technological, and socio-political contexts in the contemporary world.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Translingual Writing and Code-Switching in South Asian Anglophone Literature
This paper examines the phenomenon of translingual writing and code-switching in contemporary South Asian Anglophone literature, analyzing how writers from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh deploy multilingual textual strategies to represent the linguistic realities of postcolonial societies. Through close readings of works by Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, Mohsin Hamid, and Shehan Karunatilaka, the study identifies distinct modes of translingual practice, including lexical borrowing, syntactic calquing, script-switching, and strategic untranslatability. The paper argues that these practices constitute a politics of language that challenges the monolingual norms of Anglophone literary culture and asserts the legitimacy of multilingual consciousness as both a literary subject and a mode of literary expression.
Gender, Language, and Power in Contemporary Indian Women's Writing
This paper examines the intersection of gender, language, and power in twenty-first-century Indian women's writing, analyzing how contemporary women writers deploy linguistic and narrative strategies to challenge patriarchal structures, assert female subjectivity, and reimagine gender relations in the Indian context. Through close readings of works by Arundhati Roy, Meena Kandasamy, Geetanjali Shree, and Janice Pariat, the study investigates how women writers use stylistic innovation, multilingual practice, narrative form, and the representation of women's speech as tools of feminist resistance. The paper argues that language is both a site of patriarchal oppression and a resource for feminist transformation in Indian literature.
Trauma Narratives and Resilience in Post-Pandemic World Literature
This paper examines the emergence of post-pandemic literature as a significant corpus within contemporary world literature, analyzing how novelists, poets, and essayists have deployed narrative and linguistic strategies to represent the collective trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing upon trauma theory, narrative psychology, and comparative literary analysis, the study investigates works from diverse linguistic and cultural traditions to identify common patterns and culturally specific variations in literary responses to the pandemic. The paper argues that post-pandemic literature functions both as a mode of cultural testimony and as a resource for building individual and collective resilience through narrative meaning-making.
Artificial Intelligence and The Future of Literary Creativity
This paper critically examines the implications of artificial intelligence for literary creativity, authorship, and the philosophy of language. As large language models demonstrate increasingly sophisticated capacities for generating coherent, stylistically varied, and contextually appropriate prose and poetry, fundamental assumptions about the nature of literary creativity, originality, and meaning are called into question. The study draws upon philosophical aesthetics, computational linguistics, and contemporary literary theory to investigate three central questions: whether AI-generated texts can be considered literature, how AI challenges Romantic and modernist conceptions of authorship, and what the rise of AI writing means for the future of human literary expression. The paper argues for a collaborative model of human-AI literary production that neither romanticizes human creativity nor reduces it to computation.
Digital Literacies and Literary Expression in the Social Media Age
This paper examines how digital platforms and social media have transformed literary expression, reading practices, and the concept of authorship in the twenty-first century. It analyzes the emergence of new literary forms including Twitterature, Instagram poetry, fan fiction, and interactive digital narratives, situating these phenomena within broader transformations in literacy practices. Drawing upon the New Literacy Studies framework and digital humanities scholarship, the study argues that social media has democratized literary production while simultaneously reshaping the linguistic conventions, aesthetic values, and institutional structures of literary culture. The paper considers the implications of these transformations for literary studies, creative writing pedagogy, and the future of reading in an attention-scarce digital environment.
Ecolinguistics and Environmental Discourse in Contemporary Fiction
This paper investigates the emerging field of ecolinguistics and its application to contemporary literary fiction that engages with environmental crisis. By analyzing the linguistic strategies through which novelists represent ecological degradation, species loss, and climate change, the study demonstrates how language shapes environmental consciousness and public discourse. The paper draws upon the theoretical frameworks of Hallidayan systemic functional linguistics, critical discourse analysis, and ecocriticism to examine works by Amitav Ghosh, Barbara Kingsolver, and Richard Powers. It argues that literary language plays a crucial role in making abstract environmental threats tangible and emotionally resonant for readers, thereby contributing to the broader cultural project of environmental awareness
Language, Identity, and Social Cohesion in Multilingual India
This paper examines the intricate relationship between language, identity formation, and social cohesion in the multilingual landscape of contemporary India. Drawing upon sociolinguistic theory, postcolonial criticism, and literary analysis, the study investigates how linguistic practices shape communal identities, mediate social hierarchies, and influence literary representations of belonging and exclusion. The paper argues that language functions not merely as a communicative tool but as a transformative agent in constructing social realities, negotiating displacement, and articulating caste-based and regional identities in Indian fiction and public discourse. By synthesizing perspectives from sociolinguistics and contemporary Indian English literature, this study contributes to an integrated understanding of language as a site of social negotiation in a postcolonial, multilingual democracy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rinu Pauly (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The International Journal of Linguistics, Language and Literature is pleased to present its forthcoming issue, which brings together a set of studies that illuminate the powerful role of language in shaping identity, knowledge, culture, and literary imagination. The works collected here demonstrate how linguistic inquiry and literary scholarship continue to intersect with questions of power, history, pedagogy, and representation.
Cartographies of Exile: The Theme of Displacement in Amitav Ghosh's Works
Amitav Ghosh's literary oeuvre constitutes a sustained meditation on displacement as both a historical condition and an existential reality. This paper examines how Ghosh transforms displacement from a simple geographical movement into a multivalent literary device that interrogates colonialism, nationalism, environmental catastrophe, and identity formation. Through close textual analysis of major works including The Shadow Lines, The Glass Palace, The Hungry Tide, Sea of Poppies, and Gun Island, this study argues that Ghosh deploys displacement not merely as a thematic concern but as a narrative structure that challenges linear historiography and monolithic national narratives. By examining various forms of displacement colonial, voluntary, environmental, and climate-induced this paper demonstrates how Ghosh's fiction functions as a counter-archive to official histories, recovering the voices of the displaced while simultaneously exposing the ongoing legacies of imperialism and ecological violence.
Translation and the Making of Indian Literary Canons: English as Arbiter of Regional Literary Value
This paper investigates how translation into English functions as a mechanism of canon formation in Indian literature, determining which regional texts achieve recognition and longevity. Through the lens of postcolonial translation theory, this study examines the gatekeeping role that English translation plays in conferring literary legitimacy upon regional language works. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Niranjana, Spivak, and Venuti, alongside analysis of institutional structures and market dynamics, this research demonstrates that translation into English operates as a form of consecration that elevates certain texts while marginalizing others. The paper analyzes how publishing houses, academic institutions, and prize committees privilege translated works over original regional literature, thereby constructing hierarchical literary canons that privilege accessibility to English-reading audiences over aesthetic innovation or cultural authenticity. By examining specific cases of canonical inclusion and exclusion, this study reveals how translation practices determine not only which Indian voices are heard globally but also which literary traditions are valued domestically. The analysis concludes by considering alternative models of canon formation that might challenge English linguistic hegemony in Indian literary discourse.
Decolonising the English Curriculum in Indian Universities: Pedagogical Imperatives and Epistemic Justice
This paper examines the theoretical and practical dimensions of decolonising English literary studies in Indian universities, situating the discussion within broader debates on epistemic violence, cultural hegemony, and pedagogical reform. Drawing on postcolonial theory and critical pedagogy, the analysis interrogates the persistence of Eurocentric canonical formations in Indian English departments and explores pathways toward curricular transformation that honor indigenous literary traditions, regional language texts in translation, and emergent voices from the Global South. The study demonstrates that decolonisation extends beyond mere diversification of reading lists to encompass fundamental epistemological shifts in how literature is conceptualized, taught, and valued. Through critical examination of existing syllabi, institutional practices, and theoretical frameworks, this paper argues for a reconceptualization of English studies that moves beyond colonial-era models of literary appreciation to embrace comparative, translational, and culturally grounded approaches. The findings suggest that meaningful decolonisation requires institutional commitment, faculty development, and student engagement with diverse literary epistemologies
English Hegemony and Regional Language Resistance: Examining Linguistic Identity, Power, and Cultural Nationalism in India
This paper examines the complex interplay between English globalization and Indian regional languages through dual lenses of linguistic hegemony and resistance. While English's dominance creates hierarchies affecting education, media, and social mobility, regional language communities have mounted sustained resistance through cultural nationalism, language devotion movements, and policy advocacy. Drawing on postcolonial theory, language ecology frameworks, and sociolinguistic analysis, this study explores how English simultaneously functions as an instrument of opportunity and a force contributing to language shift. The research examines multiple dimensions: educational policies and their stratifying effects, digital divides and technological inequalities, economic gatekeeping through language requirements, and crucially, the resistance movements that have shaped language politics in India. Special attention is given to Tamil language devotion movements, anti-Hindi agitations, and the role of linguistic identity in regional political mobilization. Findings reveal that while English proficiency correlates with socioeconomic advancement, regional languages maintain vitality through deliberate acts of cultural assertion, institutional support, and grassroots mobilization. The study concludes that India's linguistic future depends on recognizing both the pragmatic value of English and the cultural-political significance of regional language movements in preserving multilingual democracy.
The Linguistic Architecture of Self: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Language's Role in Shaping Personal and Collective Identity Formation
Language serves as both a medium of communication and a fundamental architect of human identity, shaping how individuals perceive themselves, construct meaning, and navigate social relationships. This research article provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the complex relationship between language and identity formation, examining how linguistic practices contribute to the construction, maintenance, and transformation of personal and collective identities. Through synthesis of research from sociolinguistics, psychology, anthropology, and neuroscience, this study explores the mechanisms by which language influences cognitive processes, social categorization, and cultural transmission. The analysis reveals that language operates as a constitutive force in identity formation through multiple pathways: cognitive-linguistic frameworks that structure thought and perception, social positioning that establishes group membership and boundaries, narrative construction that creates coherent self-concepts, and embodied practices that perform and negotiate identity in interactive contexts. Drawing from 187 empirical studies and theoretical works, this research demonstrates that the language-identity relationship is bidirectional, dynamic, and context-dependent, varying across individuals, communities, and historical periods. Key findings indicate that multilingual individuals navigate complex identity negotiations, that language shift and maintenance have profound implications for cultural continuity, and that digital communication technologies are creating new forms of linguistic identity expression. The study contributes to theoretical understanding by proposing an integrated model of linguistic identity formation that accounts for cognitive, social, cultural, and technological dimensions. The research concludes with implications for education, policy, and social practice in increasingly diverse linguistic communities.
The International Journal of Linguistics, Language and Literature is pleased to present its forthcoming issue, which brings together a series of studies that illuminate the complex and dynamic relationships among language, culture, identity, and literary expression. The articles in this volume span multiple theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary linguistic and literary scholarship.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Navigating Linguistic Complexity: An Analysis of Cognitive, Social, and Pedagogical Challenges in English Second Language Acquisition
This study examines the multifaceted challenges faced by learners acquiring English as a second language (ESL), focusing on cognitive, social, and pedagogical barriers that impede language proficiency development. Through a comprehensive analysis of current literature and empirical research, this paper identifies key obstacles including phonological interference, syntactic complexity, cultural identity negotiation, and institutional inadequacies. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, analyzing both quantitative data from language assessment scores and qualitative interviews with ESL learners across diverse linguistic backgrounds. Findings reveal that learners face significant challenges in mastering English phonology due to L1 interference, struggle with complex grammatical structures absent in their native languages, and encounter socio-cultural barriers that affect motivation and identity formation. The study concludes that effective ESL instruction must address these multidimensional challenges through culturally responsive pedagogy, individualized learning approaches, and comprehensive support systems that acknowledge learners' linguistic and cultural diversity.
The Impact of English as a Global Language on Indian Regional Languages: Language Policy, Cultural Identity, and Linguistic Diversity in Contemporary India
This paper examines the complex relationship between English as a global lingua franca and the preservation of India's rich linguistic heritage, analysing how the dominance of English in education, administration, and economic sectors affects the vitality and intergenerational transmission of regional languages. Through an analysis of language policies, sociolinguistic data, and theoretical frameworks from linguistic imperialism studies, this research demonstrates that while English provides opportunities for global integration and socioeconomic mobility, its hegemonic position creates significant challenges for linguistic diversity. The study reveals that UNESCO identifies 196 endangered languages in India, with many regional languages experiencing reduced domains of use and declining intergenerational transmission. The paper argues that India's linguistic landscape represents a critical case study in understanding how global languages impact local linguistic ecologies, requiring nuanced policy approaches that balance global connectivity with cultural preservation. The research contributes to broader discussions about linguistic diversity in an increasingly interconnected world, highlighting the need for policies that recognize both the instrumental value of English and the intrinsic worth of regional languages in maintaining cultural identity and cognitive diversity.
Hierarchies of Power and Identity: The Representation of Social Class in Victorian Literature
This research examines the complex representation of social class in Victorian literature, analyzing how major authors depicted, critiqued, and reinforced class hierarchies during a period of unprecedented social transformation. Through systematic analysis of canonical works by Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Charlotte Brontë, and Thomas Hardy, this study reveals how literary representations both reflected and shaped contemporary understanding of class identity, social mobility, and economic inequality. The research employs close textual analysis combined with historical contextualization to demonstrate how Victorian writers navigated the tension between social criticism and literary convention. Findings indicate that while Victorian literature increasingly challenged rigid class boundaries, it simultaneously reinforced middle-class values and perspectives as normative. The study contributes to understanding how literature functions as both mirror and constructor of social reality, with implications for contemporary analysis of class representation in cultural texts.
Cross-Cultural Phonetic Landscapes: An Exploration of Pronunciation Variation in Diverse Learning Cultures
This research investigates how pronunciation patterns vary across different learning cultures, examining the complex interplay between native language phonological systems, cultural attitudes toward language learning, and pedagogical approaches in shaping second language pronunciation acquisition. Through comparative analysis of English pronunciation patterns among learners from Mandarin Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, and Japanese linguistic backgrounds, this study reveals systematic variations that reflect both structural linguistic influences and culturally-mediated learning strategies. The research employs acoustic analysis of pronunciation data from 120 participants across four cultural groups, combined with ethnographic investigation of classroom practices and learner attitudes. Findings demonstrate that pronunciation variation results from the interaction of phonological transfer, cultural learning preferences, and institutional pedagogical traditions rather than simple linguistic interference. The study contributes to understanding how cultural factors mediate second language phonetic acquisition and has implications for developing culturally-responsive pronunciation instruction.
It is with immense pleasure that we present the latest issue of the International Journal of Linguistics, Language, and Literature (IJLLL) a distinguished platform committed to advancing critical discourse, intercultural understanding, and scholarly innovation in the study of language and literary expression. This issue brings together a collection of intellectually stimulating research articles that traverse boundaries of discipline, geography, and tradition, reflecting the journal’s dedication to fostering global perspectives in linguistic and literary inquiry.
Linguistic Mediation of Social Reality: The Transformative Power of Language in Human Interaction and Community Formation
This research investigates the fundamental role of language in mediating, constructing, and transforming social interactions across diverse communicative contexts. Drawing on sociolinguistic theory, discourse analysis, and ethnographic methodology, this study examines how language functions not merely as a neutral communication tool but as a constitutive force that shapes social relationships, identity formation, and community boundaries. Through analysis of empirical data from multilingual communities, digital communication platforms, and institutional settings, the research reveals that language operates as a complex system of social action that simultaneously reflects and creates social reality. Key findings demonstrate that linguistic choices function as identity markers, power negotiations, and community membership signals, while language variation and change serve as mechanisms for social inclusion and exclusion. The study employs conversation analysis and critical discourse analysis to examine how speakers strategically deploy linguistic resources to accomplish social goals, challenge existing hierarchies, and construct new forms of social organization. The research contributes to sociolinguistic theory by demonstrating how micro-level linguistic interactions aggregate to produce macro-level social transformation, while providing practical insights for educational policy, intercultural communication, and social justice initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Georgekutty M D (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tagore and Yeats: A Cross-Cultural Literary Dialogue
The literary relationship between Rabindranath Tagore and W.B. Yeats represents one of the most significant cross-cultural dialogues in early twentieth-century modernist literature. This paper examines how their mutual influence transcended geographical and cultural boundaries, creating a unique synthesis of Eastern and Western literary traditions. Through comparative analysis of their poetry, correspondence, and critical writings, this study demonstrates that their dialogue facilitated the development of a transcultural modernist aesthetic that challenged conventional East-West literary binaries. The research reveals how Tagore's mystical philosophy influenced Yeats's later symbolic poetry, while Yeats's modernist techniques impacted Tagore's experimental verse. Their collaboration illustrates the dynamic nature of literary modernism as a global phenomenon, contributing to our understanding of how cross-cultural literary exchanges shape artistic innovation and cultural understanding in an increasingly interconnected world.
Temporal Dynamics of Language Acquisition: A Comprehensive Analysis of Neurobiological, Cognitive, and Social Differences Between Childhood and Adult Language Learning
This study examines the fundamental differences between childhood and adult language acquisition, investigating neurobiological, cognitive, and social factors that distinguish these two developmental periods. Through comprehensive analysis of current neuroscientific research, cognitive psychology studies, and longitudinal developmental data, this paper explores how age-related changes in brain plasticity, cognitive processing, and social environments influence language learning capacity and outcomes. The research employs a multi-disciplinary approach, synthesizing evidence from neuroimaging studies, behavioral experiments, and observational research across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. Findings reveal significant differences in neural activation patterns, with children demonstrating greater left-hemisphere plasticity and more distributed processing networks compared to adults who rely more heavily on explicit learning mechanisms and metalinguistic awareness. Children show advantages in phonological acquisition and implicit grammar learning, while adults demonstrate superior performance in vocabulary acquisition and explicit rule learning. Social factors, including identity formation, motivation, and cultural integration, also differ substantially between age groups. The study concludes that while children possess neurobiological advantages for language acquisition, adults can achieve high proficiency through different but equally valid learning mechanisms that leverage cognitive maturity and explicit knowledge. These findings have significant implications for age-appropriate language instruction methodologies and challenge simplistic interpretations of critical period hypotheses.
The Politics of Translating Indian Regional Literature into English: Power Representation, and Cultural Hierarchies in Literary Translation
This paper examines the complex political dynamics underlying the translation of Indian regional literature into English, analyzing how power structures, cultural hierarchies, and market forces shape both the selection and representation of regional texts in the global literary marketplace. Through a theoretical framework drawing from postcolonial translation studies and cultural sociology, this analysis reveals how English translations of Indian regional literature navigate tensions between cultural authenticity and commercial viability, often reinforcing existing linguistic hierarchies while simultaneously providing global visibility for marginalized voices. The study demonstrates that translation politics in this context involve multiple stakeholders—publishers, translators, critics, and readers—whose competing interests shape which stories are told and how they are represented to English-speaking audiences. The implications extend beyond literary studies to broader questions of cultural representation, linguistic diversity, and postcolonial power dynamics in the contemporary global literary ecosystem.
Navigating Between Worlds: Nostalgia and Cultural Hybridity in the Indian Diaspora Literature of Jhumpa Lahiri and Bharati Mukherjee
This paper examines the intricate relationship between nostalgia and cultural hybridity in the works of prominent Indian diaspora authors Jhumpa Lahiri and Bharati Mukherjee. Through close textual analysis of selected works including Lahiri's Interpreter of Maladies and The Namesake, and Mukherjee's Jasmine and The Middleman and Other Stories, this study argues that nostalgia functions not merely as a backward-looking sentiment but as a dynamic force that shapes hybrid cultural identities. The analysis reveals how both authors employ nostalgia as a literary device to explore the complexities of belonging, displacement, and cultural negotiation within diaspora communities. The paper demonstrates that cultural hybridity emerges from the productive tension between nostalgic memory and present adaptation, creating new forms of identity that transcend simple binaries of East versus West. This research contributes to postcolonial literary criticism and diaspora studies by illustrating how contemporary Indian-American literature captures the nuanced experiences of cultural in-betweenness and the ongoing process of identity formation in transnational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rinu Pauly (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Concerns in Amitav Ghosh's "The Great Derangement": Climate Crisis, Literary Imagination, and the Failure of Bourgeois Realism
Amitav Ghosh's "The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable" presents a profound critique of contemporary literary culture's inadequate response to the climate crisis. This paper examines how Ghosh articulates environmental concerns through his analysis of the "great derangement" – the collective failure of imagination that prevents modern society from comprehending and addressing climate change. Through close textual analysis grounded in ecocritical theory, this study explores Ghosh's argument that the bourgeois realist novel, dominant literary form of the modern era, is structurally incapable of representing the unprecedented nature of climate change. The paper argues that Ghosh's work reveals the urgent need for new narrative forms and imaginative frameworks to confront environmental crisis, while demonstrating how colonial history, capitalist modernity, and literary aesthetics intersect in perpetuating ecological destruction. Ghosh's environmental concerns extend beyond traditional nature writing to encompass questions of justice, temporality, and the very foundations of modern consciousness, offering a decolonial perspective on climate discourse that challenges Western-centric approaches to environmental crisis.
Copyright (c) 2025 M K Neeraj, K Prabha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In a world where language and literature remain the cornerstone of human expression and cultural understanding, the International Journal of Linguistics Language and Literature (IJLLL) continues its mission to explore the diverse dimensions of these disciplines. This upcoming issue is a testament to our commitment to fostering insightful discourse and contributing to the global pool of knowledge.
The Role of Bollywood in Shaping Indian English Usage: A Sociolinguistic Analysis
This paper examines the significant influence of Bollywood cinema on the evolution and popularization of Indian English as a distinct sociolinguistic variety. Through a critical discourse analysis of dialogues, songs, and promotional materials from prominent Hindi films spanning the post-independence era to contemporary productions, this study investigates how Bollywood has facilitated the development and mainstream acceptance of hybridized linguistic forms that characterize Indian English. The findings demonstrate that Bollywood serves as both a reflector and a catalyst of linguistic innovation, particularly in code-switching patterns, lexical borrowing, and syntactic adaptations. This research contributes to our understanding of how popular media shapes language evolution in postcolonial contexts and argues that Bollywood's linguistic influence extends beyond entertainment to facilitate the negotiation of modern Indian identities through language. The paper concludes that Bollywood's global reach has not only legitimized Indian English varieties domestically but has also contributed to their international recognition and acceptance.
Representations of Women in Indian Graphic Novels: Evolution and Resistance
This paper examines the evolving representation of women in Indian graphic novels from the early 2000s to the present, analyzing how these visual narratives both reflect and challenge traditional gender roles in Indian society. Through close readings of seminal works including Sarnath Banerjee's Corridor, Amruta Patil's Kari, Priya Kuriyan's Drawing the Line, and more recent works like Graphic India's female-led superheroes, this study traces how Indian graphic novelists have developed increasingly complex female characters who navigate tensions between tradition and modernity. Employing feminist literary criticism and visual analysis methodologies, this research demonstrates how the graphic novel medium offers unique possibilities for representing women's experiences through the interplay of text and image. The findings reveal that contemporary Indian graphic novels increasingly serve as sites of resistance where traditional gender narratives are questioned, subverted, and reimagined, creating space for more diverse and authentic representations of Indian womanhood.
The Politics of Representation: Caste in Contemporary Indian Fiction
This paper examines the evolving representation of caste in contemporary Indian fiction published between 1990 and 2023. Through a textual analysis of selected works by authors including Arundhati Roy, Meena Kandasamy, Perumal Murugan, and Sujatha Gidla, the study interrogates how caste hierarchies are depicted, challenged, and reimagined in post-liberalization Indian literature. Drawing on postcolonial and Dalit feminist theoretical frameworks, the analysis reveals a significant shift from symbolic to explicit representations of caste, with marginalized voices increasingly moving from the periphery to the center of narrative construction. The paper argues that contemporary Indian fiction has become a critical site for contesting hegemonic narratives about caste, offering counter-discourses that highlight both the persistence of caste-based discrimination and emergent forms of resistance. This literary intervention contributes to broader sociopolitical conversations about structural inequalities in modern India, demonstrating fiction's potential for both cultural critique and social transformation