Labour Rights As Human Rights In The Unorganised Sector: Challenges And Possibilities

Abstract

The unorganised sector constitutes the largest segment of the workforce in developing economies, particularly in India, where nearly ninety percent of workers are engaged in informal employment. Despite their substantial contribution to economic growth, unorganised workers remain largely excluded from the protective framework of labour laws and social security mechanisms. This exclusion raises serious concerns when examined through the lens of human rights. Labour rights such as fair wages, safe working conditions, social security, and freedom of association are not merely statutory benefits but fundamental rights essential for human dignity and social justice. This paper examines labour rights as human rights in the context of unorganised workers, analysing the challenges arising from informality, weak enforcement, and structural inequality. It further explores constitutional jurisprudence, international labour standards, and legislative frameworks in India to identify possibilities for a rights-based approach. The study argues that recognising labour rights as enforceable human rights is essential for achieving inclusive and equitable development.